Radiator system



3 Sheets-Sheet 1 M. GUSZMANN RADIATOR SYSTEM I |l| HHKH II I I P May 8,1962 Filed Aug. 27, 1959 INVENTOR. MAX GUSZMA NH Fig.1.

M. GUSZMANN RADIATOR SYSTEM May 8, 1962 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Aug. 27,1959 INVENTOR. MAX GUSZMANH M. GUSZMANN RADIATOR SYSTEM May 8, 1962 3Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed Aug. 27, 1959 INVENTOR. MAX GUSZMANH BY my UnitedStates harem 3,033,536 RADIATOR SYSTEM Max Guszmann, 45 W. 81st St., NewYork 24, NY. Filed Aug. 27,1959, Ser. No. 836,456 Claims. (Cl.257-26216) The present invention relates to a novel heating or coolingsystem.

More particularly, the present invention relates to means for heatingenclosures and further for transferring heat or for directing andconveying the same out of rooms and the like.

Heaters conventionally include a pipe unit through which passes asuitable heating fluid, a plurality of fins being carried by the outersurface of the pipe. The finned pipe unit may be located in a casingwhich has a front wall formed with inlet openings lower than the pipeand outlet openings higher than the pipe, so that cool air flows throughthe inlet openings into the casing and then upwardly between the finsand around the heated pipe proper and finally flows back out through theoutlet openings.

This conventional heating structure does not reach any marked output fora number of reasons. For one thing, the air forms a unidirectionalstream which passes a layer of air which constitutes a substantiallystationary heat insulation and which adheres to the surfaces of the finsand pipe which latter receives and conducts the heating medium. The restof the air is insulated from the heating structure by this layer of airand is heated by convection or indirectly via this layer. Furthermore,the air is continuously heated as it flows upwardly between the finunits, so that the temperature of the air arriving at the top portionsof the fins is substantially higher than the temperature of air enteringat the bottom portions of the fins, with the result that the rate ofheat transfer from the fins to the air is much less at the upper finparts than at the bottom fin parts, which fact reduces the heat economyand transfer to a marked degree.

It is therefore a primary object of the present invention to providemeans contributing to a maximum of heat transfer efficiency than it waspossible with conventionfl heater systems as discussed above andaffording at a given heat output a considerable economy and costreduction, as the heating system according to the invention isconveniently smaller in size than that heretofore required to producethe same heat output.

Another object of the invention is to provide means instrumental inconstructing a heater which reliably and positively produces an air flowof far greater turbulence than can be achieved by conventional heaters,so that undesirable air cushions generally adhering to the guide plateor plates of the heater are greatly reduced.

It is also an object of the invention to provide means conducive to aheater system in which the rate of heat transfer is substantially evenand uniform throughout the extent of the fin units.

A further object of the invention is to provide means rendering thepossibility of a simplified heater system construction which, whileaccomplishing the above objects, is inexpensive to manufacture, as itscomponents may be quickly and easily assembled in situ.

Among further important features of the invention are the provision oflouvers, nozzles or like positive fluid guide and directing meansforming fins, whereby the walls of three-sided containers having onlyone end wall are employable, which containers are disposed in abatterylike fashion of air-receiving and air-discharging chambersalternating with each other and located about and along a heat mediumcarrying pipe, the said louvers or like means directing the air from theair-receiving to the air-discharging chambers.

With the above and other objects in view, the present inventioncontemplates a medium transfer system having in combination, a pair ofelongated parallel side wall means, at least one heating pipe extendingbetween and spaced from the pair of side wall means, a plurality oflouvered transverse walls carried by and distributed along the pipe andeach extending between the pair of the wall means, a plurality of upperclosure wall means, respectively, fixed to every other transverse walland extending to the next transverse wall so as to form with thetransverse walls and pair of side wall means a plurality of chamberswhich are open at the bottom, and a plurality of lower closure wallsmeans, respectively, alternating with the upper closure wall means andextending between the lower ends of each adjacent pair of transversewalls which are not interconnected by the upper closure wall means so asto form a plurality of chambers open at the top, whereby air flowinginto the chambers which are open at the bottom will flow through thelouvered transverse walls into the chambers which are open at the top.

According to the invention, the air flow through the fins or like guidemeans will not be in a laminar form contrary to the conventional set upalong an air cushion adhering to the respective wall, but rather in aturbulent and segregated manner. The turbulent air flow thus diminishesthe insulating air cushion adhering to the fins, while the heat exchangebetween fins and air will be considerably increased.

By the transverse position of the upwardly inclined louvers and by theeffective difference of temperature prevailing between cold and warmair, a positive flueeffect is being produced, which effect contributesalso to increased heat and enhanced economical output.

The novel features which are considered as characteristic for theinvention are set forth in particular in the appended claims. Theinvention itself, however, both as to its construction and its method ofoperation, together with additional objects and advantages thereof, willbe best understood from the following description of specificembodiments when read in connection with the accompanying drawings, inwhich:

FIG. 1 is a top plan view of a finned pipe unit according to the presentinvention;

FIG. 2 is a section taken along lines 22 of FIG. I seen in the directionof the arrows;

FIG. 3 is a sectional end view taken along lines 3-3 of FIG. '2 seen inthe direction of the arrows;

FIG. 4 shows a modified structure of FIG. 3.

FiG. 5 is a perspective and somewhat schematic view of the embodiment ofthe present invention illustrated in FIGS. 1-3;

FIG. dis a view corresponding to the views illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4but somewhat further modified;

FIG. 7 is a sectional view taken along lines 7-7 of FIG. 8 and showinganother embodiment of the present invention;

PEG. 8 shows an end view of FIG. 7; and

FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a set of fin units according to FIG. 5.

Referring now more particularly to the attached drawings, there isdisclosed a finned pipe unit according to the present invention, whichis adapted to be used as an air-heater and includes a pipe 10 throughwhich a suitable heating fiuid, such as hot water, is adapted to flow.The pipe 10 may be horizontally installed and supports a row of fins 11which are all of the same construction. Each fin unit 11 is in the formof a rectangular container having three walls 12, 13, 14 and a singleend wall 15. The pair of upwardly extending side walls '12 and 13 areparallel to each other and extend in the direction of air 3 flow. Thetransverse wall 14 extends between said walls 12 and 13 and across theupward direction of air flow.

As is apparent from FIGS. 1 and 2, the walls 1.2 to 14 determine thespacing between fiat end walls 15 of the fin unit 11, the free edges ofthe walls 12 to 14 of each fin unit 11 contacting the end wall 15 of thenext fin unit 11. The successive fin units 11 are mounted on the pipewith the successive walls 14 thereof located alternately above and belowthe pipe 10. As a result of this arrangement one pair of adjoining finunits cooperates to form an air-receiving chamber 20 which is closed atthe top by wall 14 and open at the bottom 14a while the immediatelypreceding or following fin units cooperate to form a pair ofair-discharging chambers 21 closed at the bottom by transverse walls 14which chambers are open at the top. Thus, the chambers 2% and 21alternate along the pipe 10.

The flat plate portion of each fin unit 11 is formed along its centralaxis, which extends in the direction of air flow, with an opening 16(FIG. 3) through which the pipe 10 passes in contact with plate portion15 to transfer heat thereto. Portions of plate 15 are fixed to pipe 10in any suitable way, as by friction or press fit, or by being solderedor welded thereto. On opposite sides of openings 16 and symmetricallytherewith the plate por tion 15 is formed with a pair of cutouts oropenings 17 and 18 which extend substantially from one end to theopposite end of plate portion 15 in the direction of air flow, and aplurality of louvers 19 extend horizontally across each opening orcutouts 17 and 18 and are distributed along their entire length fordirecting air through the cutouts -17 and 18. Thus the louvers 19 form ameans for positively directing air flo'wing along one side of plateportion 15 through said openings 17 or 18 thereof to the other side ofsaid plate portion.

As is apparent from FIG. 2, the louvers 19 are each in a plane formingapproximately 45 with the remainder of flat plate 15. Also, as isapparent from FIG. 2, all the louvers 19 extend horizontally acrosscutout 17 or 18 and are inclined upwardly from air receiving chambers 20to air-discharging chambers 21. In accordance with the invention, thefins 11, including the louvered openings, side-walls and centralopenings, are stamped by means of suitably shaped dies in one operationfrom a fiat sheet of material of high thermal conductivity, such ascopper or other material.

When a two-pipe fin system is used, the fins are identical with thosedescribed above, except that the fiat end wall 15' will have a structureas shown in FIGS. 4 and 8. The flat plate portion 15 has a pair ofopenings 16 through which pipes 10', 10" respectively pass, and theseopenings and pipes may be elliptical as shown in FIG. 4. The cutouts 17'and '18 of plate portion 15 are provided with louvers 19', as shown.

In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 8, parallel vertical side wallmeans consisting of continuous sheets 28 and 28 replace side walls 12and 13. Sheets 28 and 28' are not integral with the fins which in thiscase comprise only top walls 14, and end walls 15.

As shown in FIG. 6, multi-pipe fin systems may also be included,comprising a plurality of pipes which, for instance, may be arranged inseveral parallel, vertical and horizontal rows with louvered cutouts ofthe fins and walls 15 arranged adjacent to the individual pipes or rowsof pipes.

When the finned pipe unit of the invention is installed in a casingwhose front wall has inlet openings lower than and outlet openingshigher than this unit, then when a, heating fluid flows through pipe10', an air circulation, as indicated by the arrows A in FIG. 2, will begenerated. The air which enters the receiving chambers 20 can only flowout into the discharge chambers 21 through the louvered cutouts. Thelouvers 19 afford sufficiently desirable turbulence.

Also the air flows through the louvered openings along their entirelength so that the rate of heat transfer at the tops of the fins is notsubstantially less than the rate of heat transfer at the bottoms of thefins. Also, the air flowing out of the discharge chambers 21 creates asuction drawing air into chambers 20 and through the louvered openinginto chambers 21, so that with the structure according to the inventionthe amount of air flowing through a heater of a given size in a presettime is greater than the amount flowing through a conventional heater ofthe same size in the same time, and thus, in this way also, the heatoutput is increased.

According to the embodiment of the present invention illustrated in FIG.7, transverse walls 71 and upperand lower closure means 72 and 72' areintegral with each other and may be formed of a continuous strip,whereby each pair of transverse walls which form a chamber 73 open atthe top diverge toward the top, and each pair of transverse Walls whichform a chamber 74 open at the bottom diverge towards the bottom.Preferably continuous sheets 28 and 28 as illustrated in FIG. 8, areassociated with the embodiment shown in FIG. 7 for forming parallelvertical side-wall means for closing the sides of the fins.

As indicated in FIGS. 2 and 7 respectively, there are provided inchambers 21 and 73 respectively, so called black bodies 19a (FIG. 2) and19b (FIG. 7) which may be mounted on pipe 10, 10, 10" as the case maybe.

These black bodies may be in the form of plates of sheet metal such ascopper or like material which are capable of receiving, storing and thenreleasing radiant heat emanating from the fins, including the louversthereof.

The neutral radiation elfect of the fins may be greatly reduced by theaforesaid black bodied plates which are being charged with heat fromsaid fins and louvers. These plates thus heated up release thereafterthe heat onto the air stream passing through the perforations of thefins and created by the louvers so that an enhanced heating effect istransferred onto the air streams flowing in the directions of theinflowing air according to arrows A (FIG. 2) and B (FIG. 7).

It will be understood that each of the elements described above, or twoor more together, may also find a useful application in other types ofheaters differing from the types described above.

While the invention has been illustrated and described as embodied in anair-heater, it is not intended to be limited to the details shown, sincevarious modifications and structural changes may be made withoutdeparting in any way from the spirit of the present invention.

Without further analysis, the foregoing will so fully reveal the gist ofthe present invention that others can by applying current knowledgereadily adapt it for various applications without omitting featuresthat, from the standpoint of prior art, fairly constitute essentialcharacteristics of the generic or specific aspects of this invention,and therefore, such adaptations should and are intended to becomprehended within the meaning and range of equivalence of thefollowing claims.

Having thus described the invention, What is claimed as new and desiredto be secured by Letters Patent is:

1. For use as a fin in an air heater, a substantially rectangularcontainer made of a sheet material of high thermal conductivity andhaving only one end wall and three side walls, said end wall beingformed with an opening through which a heating pipe is adapted to passin contact with said end wall and with a pair of cutoutssymmetricallyarranged on opposite sides of said opening, and said end wall having aplurality of louvers extend ing across each cutout to direct air througheach cutout from one side to the opposite side of said end wall.

2. In an air heater, in combination, a pipe through which a heatingfluid is adapted to flow, said pipe extending horizon-tally when theheater is installed, and a plurality oi aoaaese fins carried by saidpipe and distributed therealong, each fin being in the form of asubstantially rectangular container having only one end wall and threeside walls two of which are parallel to each other and extend verticallywhen the heater is installed and the third of which extends between theother two horizontally when the heater is installed and transversely tothe upward direction of air flow produced by operation of the heater,said fins being arranged next to and in contact with each other on saidpipe with said third side walls of the successive containers locatedalternately above and below the pipe, so that one pair of adjoining finsforms an air-receiving chamber open at the bottom and closed at the topwhile fins immediately preceding and immediately following said one pairof fins form therewith a pair of air-discharging chambers respectivelylocated on opposite sides of said airreceiving chamber and each closedat the bottom and open at the top, each of said end walls being formedwith at least one cutout and having a plurality of louvers extend ingsubstantially horizontally across said cutout, and all of the louvers ofall of said fins being inclined upwardly from said air-receivingchambers to said air-discharging chambers.

3. In a heater, in combination, a pair of elongated parallel verticalside wall means; at least one heating pipe extending between and spacedfrom said pair of said wall means, a plurality of l-ouvered transverseWalls carried by and distributed along said pipe and each extendingbetween and engaging said pair of said wall means, a plurality of upperclosure wall means, respectively, fixed to every other transverse walland extending to the next transverse wall so as to form with saidtransverse walls and pair of side wall means a plurality of chamberswhich are open at the bottom, and a plurality of lower closure wallmeans, respectively, alternating with said upper closure wall means andextending between the lower ends of each adjacent pair of transversewalls which are not interconnected by said upper closure Wall means soas to form a plurality of chambers open at the top, whereby air flowinginto the chambers which are open at the bottom will flow through thelouvered transverse walls into the chambers which are open at the top.

4. A heater as defined in claim 3, said transverse walls and upper andlower closure wall means being integral with each other and formed by acontinuous strip, each pair of transverse walls forming a chamber openat the bottom diverging toward the bottom of the respective chamber,each pair of transverse walls forming a chamber open at the topdiverging toward the top thereof.

5. A heater as defined in claim 4, wherein said pair of said wall meansare each in the form of a continuous sheet.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS2,585,912 Buschow et al Feb. 19, 1952 FOREIGN PATENTS 444,890 GreatBritain Mar. 25, 1936 696,380 Great Britain Aug. 26, 1953 715,051 FranceSept. 21, 1931 776,001 France Oct. 22, 1934

